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Treatment of Periodontal Disease
Treatment of periodontal disease in controlled diabetics is similar to that of nondiabetics. Therapy efforts should be targeted toward eliminating infection and the prevention of further destruction. Dentists should consult with the patient's physician regarding the periodontal status of the diabetic individual. The presence of periodontal infection may increase insulin resistance and glucose levels in a previously stable patient. (27,37)
Routine therapy for other oral complications should be administered. Diabetics suffering from xerostomia should be counseled about tobacco use and alcohol consumption and the negative impact of high alcohol mouth rinses. Sugar-free candy, gum and water may help stimulate salivary flow and provide relief. Artificial saliva substitutes may also be prescribed. Compliant patients instructed in the timely removal of partials and dentures, and smoking cessation often resolve oral candidiasis infections, although persistent cases may require an antifungal prescription (e.g., clotrimazole and nystatin). Certain conditions may require referral to dental and/or medical specialists. (35,37,38,44)
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Pathogenesis of Factors
